ANAXIMANDER

      

Anaximander (611 B.C.E - 547 B.C.E)

ANAXIMANDER 

                                                (611 B.C.E - 547 B.C.E)

About

• Born : 611 B.C.E

• Disciple or associate of Thales.

• Contributed to Cosmology.

• Developed a theory of evolution.

• Died : 547 B.C.E

  

Doctrine and Ideas

• The World-Stuff/Arche is an Indefinite something. It is like spray or mist.
• This Indefinite living mass is called 'Boundless'.
• World originated from this substance (The Boundless) that underlay the four elements.
• Warmer particles and colder particles get separated and condensed. This warmer particles become the Sun and Heavy bodies, and the colder particles become earth.
• Living things arose from elemental water acted upon by the Sun, then the higher animals from the lower. 

Achievements and Contributions

• Introduced a basic Cosmology that lasted for two thousand years, until the Copernican revolution : The earth is the center of the universe, and the sun, moon and stars being arranged in circles around it.
• According to the theory of evolution he developed, human beings are evolving from fish.

THALES

     

THALES (625 B.C.E -  545 B.C.E)

THALES (625 B.C.E -  545 B.C.E)

About

•  Born : 625 B.C.E , Miletus

•  Founder of Milesian school/early  Ionian school.

•  Father of western philosophy.

•  Mathematician, Astronomer, First  European philosopher.

•  The first genuine scientist.

•  Died : 545 B.C.E

       

       

        

        

        Doctrine and Ideas

•  The World Stuff/Arche is water.
•  Water is the ultimate principle because everything comes and returns to water.
•  Water gives life to all all animate things.
•  Water is alive, so the universe is alive.
•  This theorem is called Hylozoism; that is matter is alive (water is a matter and it is alive).
•  After death water goes from body.
•  Earth is floating on the pool of water.

        

        Achievements and Contributions

•  He successfully predicted an eclipse of sun on 28 may, 585 B.C.E.
•  Introduced geometry to Greeks.
•  He is the first one to prove that a circle is bisected by its diameter. 

THE ARCHE

THE ARCHE

• It is the Greek term for beginning or ultimate principle
• It is also known as 'World Stuff ', out of which all is made.
• Ancient Greek philosophers were trying to find the arche, hence the origin of the world.

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

The History of Philosophy can be divided as,

1. Ancient Philosophy

• Pre-Socratic Philosophy
• Socratic Philosophy

2. Medieval Philosophy

3. Modern Philosophy

4. Post modern or Contemporary Philosophy

ONE AND MANY

 Why there are different answers for the same question ?

• Insufficiency of tools to understand reality.
• Limitation of our intellectual faculty.
• Cultural background and historical situations.

THE BEGINNING

    The intensive quest for truth is the beginning of Philosophy, The love of wisdom.

THE PHILOSOPHY

• The word Philosophy comes from Greek, and it means the ‘love of wisdom’. 

• Philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, reason and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.